1 Kings 3:9

Authorized King James Version

Give therefore thy servant an understanding heart to judge thy people, that I may discern between good and bad: for who is able to judge this thy so great a people?

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וְנָֽתַתָּ֙
Give
to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
#2
לְעַבְדְּךָ֜
therefore thy servant
a servant
#3
לֵ֤ב
heart
the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the center of anything
#4
שֹׁמֵ֙עַ֙
an understanding
to hear intelligently (often with implication of attention, obedience, etc.; causatively, to tell, etc.)
#5
לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט
to judge
to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal
#6
אֶֽת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#7
עַמְּךָ֥
a people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#8
לְהָבִ֖ין
that I may discern
to separate mentally (or distinguish), i.e., (generally) understand
#9
בֵּֽין
between (repeated before each noun, often with other particles); also as a conjunction, either...or
#10
ט֣וֹב
between good
good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good
#11
לְרָ֑ע
and bad
bad or (as noun) evil (natural or moral)
#12
כִּ֣י
(by implication) very widely used as a relative conjunction or adverb (as below); often largely modified by other particles annexed
#13
מִ֤י
who? (occasionally, by a peculiar idiom, of things); also (indefinitely) whoever; often used in oblique construction with prefix or suffix
#14
יוּכַל֙
for who is able
to be able, literally (can, could) or morally (may, might)
#15
לִשְׁפֹּ֔ט
to judge
to judge, i.e., pronounce sentence (for or against); by implication, to vindicate or punish; by extenssion, to govern; passively, to litigate (literal
#16
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#17
עַמְּךָ֥
a people
a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
#18
הַכָּבֵ֖ד
this thy so great
heavy; figuratively in a good sense (numerous) or in a bad sense (severe, difficult, stupid)
#19
הַזֶּֽה׃
the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that

Analysis

Within the broader context of 1 Kings, this passage highlights salvation through rhetorical questioning that engages the reader. The theological weight of covenant community connects to fundamental Christian doctrine about covenant community, contributing to our understanding of God's nature and relationship with humanity. This verse contributes to the book's overall argument by building upon previous themes while advancing the overall message of 1 Kings.

Historical Context

This passage must be understood within the political and social structures of the biblical period. The author writes to address believers seeking to understand God's will and purposes, making the emphasis on salvation particularly relevant. Historical documents from this period show cultural practices and social structures that would have been familiar to the original readers, illuminating the verse's original impact.

Questions for Reflection

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